SarcoCare 260g

Orthoplex

Orthoplex SarcoCare is a specialist formulation designed for practitioners in clinical practice. Muscle strength and muscle mass decline as a consequence of ageing and lack of physical activity. Short periods of bed rest significantly accelerate this decline. Taking steps to maintain muscle health is important for adults of all ages given our general wellbeing and personal independence are impacted by our strength.

Orthoplex SarcoCare is a purely nutritional formula combining the key nutrient beta-hydroxybetamethylbutyrate (HMB) with creatine in a delicious chocolate-flavoured pea protein for improved compliance.

Gluten Free
Egg Free
Dairy Free
Soy Protein Free
Vegan
Vegetarian
    Product Details

    Pack Size
    260g

    Storage
    Store below 25°C in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

    Indications

      Supports muscle health and function

      Maintains muscle mass in ageing individuals

      Supports muscle strength during resistance training

    Excipients
    Manufacturing Excipients: Cocoa powder, natural dark chocolate powder flavour, silicon dioxide, steviol glycosides. Incidental Excipients: Nil.

    Warning
    If symptoms persist, seek the advice of a healthcare professional. Contains sulfites. Contains sodium 223mg per 26g dose.

    Ingredients

    Mix 2 scoops (1 level included scoop contains approx. 13g) into milk or water and consume immediately. Take once or twice daily, or as recommended by your registered healthcare practitioner.

    Calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate monohydrate (Calcium HMB) 1.41g
    equiv. Calcium 206.0mg
    Creatine monohydrate 2.5g
    From Pisum sativum seed dry 15.0g
    equiv. From Pisum sativum seed dry 150.0g
    equiv. Pea protein 10.8g
    Drug Interactions
    Significance
    Ingredient
    Interaction Descriptions
    Major
    CALCIUM
    (Calcium citrate, Calcium, Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, Calcium citrate tetrahydrate, Calcium hydrogen phosphate, Calcium (as Calcium citrate))
    Do not take this combination.
    View Interactions:
    Major

    ELVITEGRAVIR (Vitekta)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    ELVITEGRAVIR (Vitekta)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    ELVITEGRAVIR (Vitekta)

    Do not take this combination.

    Severity: high
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.<br> Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation (94166).

    References

    94166

    Vitekta [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014.

    Major

    DOLUTEGRAVIR (Tivicay)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    DOLUTEGRAVIR (Tivicay)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    DOLUTEGRAVIR (Tivicay)

    Do not take this combination.

    Severity: high
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir. <br> Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation (93578).

    References

    93578

    Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15.

    Major

    CEFTRIAXONE (Rocephin)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    CEFTRIAXONE (Rocephin)

    Do not take this combination.

    Major

    CEFTRIAXONE (Rocephin)

    Do not take this combination.

    Severity: high
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: D

    Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.<br> Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction (15794,21632). So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.

    References

    15794

    Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.

    21632

    Bradley JS, Wassel RT, Lee L, et al. Intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium in the neonate: assessing the risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e609-13.

    Moderate

    DIGOXIN (Lanoxin)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    DIGOXIN (Lanoxin)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    DIGOXIN (Lanoxin)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: high
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. <br> Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin (12940). However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin (38960).

    References

    12940

    Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6.

    38960

    Levine, M., Nikkanen, H., and Pallin, D. J. The effects of intravenous calcium in patients with digoxin toxicity. J Emerg.Med. 2011;40(1):41-46.

    Moderate

    THIAZIDE DIURETICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    THIAZIDE DIURETICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    THIAZIDE DIURETICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: C

    Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure. <br> Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys (1902). Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.

    References

    1902

    Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.

    Moderate

    VERAPAMIL (Calan, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    VERAPAMIL (Calan, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    VERAPAMIL (Calan, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: D

    Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil. <br> Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation (10574). Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.

    References

    10574

    Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.

    Moderate

    DILTIAZEM (Cardizem, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    DILTIAZEM (Cardizem, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    DILTIAZEM (Cardizem, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: D

    Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem. <br> Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation (10574). Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.

    References

    10574

    Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.

    Moderate

    BISPHOSPHONATES

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    BISPHOSPHONATES

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    BISPHOSPHONATES

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: C

    Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates. <br> Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates (12937).

    References

    12937

    Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51.

    Moderate

    TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: C

    Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. <br> Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut (1843).

    References

    1843

    Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.

    Moderate

    QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.<br> Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut (4412,10339,21638,38570).

    References

    4412

    Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.

    10339

    Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60..

    21638

    Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9.

    38570

    Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466.

    Moderate

    CALCIPOTRIENE (Dovonex)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    CALCIPOTRIENE (Dovonex)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    CALCIPOTRIENE (Dovonex)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia. <br> Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia (12938). Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

    References

    12938

    Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.

    Moderate

    ALUMINUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    ALUMINUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    ALUMINUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption. <br> Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease (21631). However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption (93006).

    References

    21631

    Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11.

    93006

    Nolan CR, Califano JR, Butzin CA. Influence of calcium acetate or calcium citrate on intestinal aluminum absorption. Kidney Int. 1990;38(5):937-41.

    Moderate

    LITHIUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    LITHIUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    LITHIUM

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia. <br> Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients (38953). Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.

    References

    38953

    Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172.

    Moderate

    RALTEGRAVIR (Isentress)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    RALTEGRAVIR (Isentress)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    RALTEGRAVIR (Isentress)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: high
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir. <br> Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir (94164). However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure (94165).

    References

    94164

    Insentress [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; 2014.

    94165

    Roberts JL, Kiser JJ, Hindman JT, Meditz AL. Virologic failure with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral regimen and concomitant calcium administration. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(10):298e-302e.

    Moderate

    SOTALOL (Betapace)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    SOTALOL (Betapace)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    SOTALOL (Betapace)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: possible
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol. <br> Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes (10018).

    References

    10018

    Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12..

    Moderate

    LEVOTHYROXINE (Synthroid, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    LEVOTHYROXINE (Synthroid, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Moderate

    LEVOTHYROXINE (Synthroid, others)

    Be cautious with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: probable
    Level of Evidence: B

    Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine. <br> Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes (5082). Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism (5081,5082,6137).

    References

    5081

    Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595.

    5082

    Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750.

    6137

    Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5.

    Minor

    CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

    Be watchful with this combination.

    Minor

    CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

    Be watchful with this combination.

    Minor

    CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

    Be watchful with this combination.

    Severity: moderate
    Occurrence: unlikely
    Level of Evidence: D

    Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.<br> Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects (6124). But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers (12939,12947).

    References

    6124

    Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9.

    12939

    Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s.

    12947

    Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96.


    Full Reference List

    94166
    Vitekta [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014.
    93578
    Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15.
    12940
    Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6.
    38960
    Levine, M., Nikkanen, H., and Pallin, D. J. The effects of intravenous calcium in patients with digoxin toxicity. J Emerg.Med. 2011;40(1):41-46.
    1902
    Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.
    10574
    Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
    6124
    Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9.
    12939
    Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s.
    12947
    Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96.
    12937
    Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51.
    1843
    Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
    4412
    Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
    10339
    Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60..
    21638
    Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9.
    38570
    Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466.
    12938
    Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.
    21631
    Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11.
    93006
    Nolan CR, Califano JR, Butzin CA. Influence of calcium acetate or calcium citrate on intestinal aluminum absorption. Kidney Int. 1990;38(5):937-41.
    38953
    Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172.
    15794
    Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
    21632
    Bradley JS, Wassel RT, Lee L, et al. Intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium in the neonate: assessing the risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e609-13.
    94164
    Insentress [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; 2014.
    94165
    Roberts JL, Kiser JJ, Hindman JT, Meditz AL. Virologic failure with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral regimen and concomitant calcium administration. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(10):298e-302e.
    10018
    Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12..
    5081
    Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595.
    5082
    Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750.
    6137
    Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5.

    Rating System Description

    Level of Significance: Stop‑Light Rating System Occurrence/Severity
    Major

    Do not use combination; contraindicated; strongly discourage patients from using this combination; a serious adverse outcome could occur.

    Moderate

    Use cautiously or avoid combination; warn patients that a significant interaticon or adverse outcome could occur.

    Minor

    Be aware that there is a chance of an interaction; advise patients to watch for warning signs of a potential interaction.

    Likelihood of Occurrence

    Likely: Well‑controlled human studies have demonstrated existence of this interaction.

    Probable: Interaction has not been documented in well‑controlled studies, however interaction has been demonstrated in human studies or in controlled animal studies plus multiple case reports.

    Possible: Interaction has been documented in animal or in vitro research, or interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research.

    Unlikely: Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in vitro research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

    Severity

    High: Life threatening or requires medical intervention to prevent a serious adverse event.

    Moderate: Worsened clinical status and/or requires medication adjustment.

    Mild: May cause minor clinical side effects. Unlikely to require medication adjustment.

    Insignificant: Drug or supplement levels may be affected but will not cause clinical effects.

    Level of Evidence

    A: High-quality randomized controlled trial(RCT).

    A: High-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review)

    B: Nonrandomized clinical trial

    B: Nonquantitative systematic review

    B: Lower quality RCT

    B: Clinical cohort study

    B: Case-control study

    B: Historical control

    B: Epidemoilogic study

    C: Consensus

    C: Expert opinion

    D: Acecdotal evidence

    D: In vitro or animal study

    D: Theoretical based on pharmacology


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    TRC and all associated names and service marks including TRC are restricted and reserved for Therapeutic Research Center use.
    Natural Medicines™ and associated Natural Medicines product marks are trademarks of Therapeutic Research Center.

    Disclaimer: This information on interactions is licensed from the TRC Natural Medicines Database. Neither Bio Concepts nor TRC are providing medical, clinical or other advice and nothing should be interpreted as constituting such advice. Currently this does not check for drug-drug or supplementsupplement interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgement is necessary.

    Factsheets Pregnancy & Lactation

    Contraindications*:

    Pregnancy & Lactation: Not suitable.

    *Information taken from Natural Medicines Database regarding “Major” contraindications related to active ingredients only and accurate as of September 2022. Please refer to Natural Medicines Database for more information.